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今天的儀式標(biāo)志著你在斯坦福大學(xué)所取得的成就的高潮。我們?yōu)槟械津湴?，并在您踏上旅程的下一個階段時為您慶祝。我第一次見到你們中的許多人是在 2018 年一個非常炎熱的九月天在 Main Quad 慶祝召開。

That day, I described how you would begin to realize, during your years at Stanford, that life is not a straight path from beginning to end. It has twists, turns, and departures that you cannot foresee.

Little did I – or any of us – foresee those that would arise during your years here, as the pandemic closed our campus and forced us all to learn new ways of working together, of creating community, and of supporting one another during an extraordinary time.

All of us learned a hard-won lesson in disruption and adaptability, in how our world can change in an instant, and in how every one of us is called on to adapt throughout our lives.When I think about the unexpected directions that our lives can take, I often like to say that life is long and lived in chapters.

Your life – and every life – has distinct eras. Some you will see coming, and others will begin suddenly and unexpectedly.Childhood is one, and your college years are another. This Commencement marks the end of an important chapter as a trainee and the beginning of a new chapter out in the world.But you’ll experience distinct eras throughout your lives and professional careers, too.

The career you begin right after college is not likely to be the one you have forever. In fact, I predict that the vast majority of you, if not all of you, will have multiple chapters in your professional life.

You may begin a family, and parenthood and family life will be a new chapter. You may move to new places in our country or in the world. You will enter eras of personal and career growth, of uncertainty, of caretaking, and of loss and of sudden change. 

Those changes and evolutions will continue throughout your life – as will the sudden, unexpected twists and turns that are a part of every life. I’d like to tell you the story of Stanford alum Milt McColl, whose own path exemplifies the idea that life is lived in chapters.Milt was a talented student athlete. 

He played linebacker for the Cardinal from 1977 to 1980, as he earned his bachelor’s degree in biology.Graduating in 1981, Milt signed with the San Francisco 49ers. That same week, he was accepted into the Stanford School of Medicine.

From 1981 to 1987, he played with the 49ers as an outside linebacker, including on two Super Bowl championship teams. In the off-season, he attended medical school here at Stanford, graduating with an MD in 1988.

After completing his NFL career, Milt planned to devote himself entirely to medicine. But with a couple of months to fill before his residency was set to begin, he was offered a job at a medical device startup. He accepted, delaying his residency for what he thought would be a year.

It ended up being nearly 30 years.Over those three decades in the medical device industry, Milt built a hugely successful career. He eventually became CEO of Gauss Surgical, which developed a real-time blood loss measuring device for operating rooms.

Throughout all of those years, Milt continued to make use of his medical license by volunteering at a free clinic in San Francisco. And eventually, he realized that he looked forward to his days in the clinic above all else.So after much thought and reflection, Milt stepped down as CEO. 

He left his career and returned to Stanford Medicine at the age of 56 to begin a residency in family medicine.It was hard work. Milt had been away from medical school for a long time, and he needed to put in extra time, accompanying doctors on additional rounds and studying in his spare moments.But he found it deeply rewarding.

Milt completed his residency in 2019 – with impeccable timing – just in time for the arrival of COVID-19. Throughout the pandemic, he has treated COVID patients in a community-based clinic at the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, where he works with a traditionally underserved population.Or take the example of Sylvia Jones, an award-winning journalist from the Class of 1993.

Sylvia began her career as a TV news producer, covering everything from Nelson Mandela’s first visit to the U.S., to 9/11, to President Obama’s election.Then she entered a chapter of caregiving, first for her mother, who was diagnosed with a terminal illness. Then for two young relatives, whom she took in when they had nowhere else to go. 

Sylvia went from single and unattached to parenting two children in an almost an instant.When that chapter was resolved, for the first time in years, she had the space to focus on herself and what she wanted.And she realized that what she wanted was to write movies and TV shows. Sylvia applied to UCLA’s screenwriting program and was accepted off the waitlist nine days before classes began. 

So, now in her early 40s, she picked up and moved from Chicago to Los Angeles.She figured she had no time to lose, so she knocked on every door in Hollywood she could think of. Today, she’s an Emmy-winning writer and producer of TV shows like The Endgame … The Chi … and Cherish the Day.

Milt and Sylvia’s stories are wonderful illustrations of the idea that life is lived in chapters. And what inspiring chapters they have been.The important thing about these examples is this: We each have this ability to pivot through the years, to use our skills in new and different ways, to find new meaning, and to help solve the problems that our world faces.

Let me be clear: Each of you has that ability to pivot. I know, because each of you had to pivot as the pandemic upended your plans – yet you pushed through to complete your studies and graduate today.

As the story of your own life continues to unfurl, I am confident that each of you will adapt as our world changes and as your own priorities and goals evolve, too.Reflecting on the examples of Milt and Sylvia, I’d like to offer you three thoughts about the foundation you have built here at Stanford and how that foundation will support you through the chapters to come.

First is the importance of lifelong learning and of continuing to explore.In your years here, you have acquired the tools and skills to continue learning, exploring, and adapting as the world changes.

You’ve learned to experiment with ideas, explore challenging issues, and test solutions to problems in every field. And beyond what you’ve learned in the classroom, you’ve used your skills to address real-world problems through hands-on service work.Like Milt, who kept up his medical skills through volunteer work, I hope you continue to use your skills and knowledge to serve your community. 

Beyond the fulfillment it will provide you, it will allow you to keep your skills sharp and to explore new ideas, now and in the years to come. That brings me to my second point: As you keep up your knowledge and skills, you should also continue to seek out different perspectives and hold space in your mind for competing views.Throughout your time here at Stanford, you’ve encountered a diversity of perspectives and engaged in conversations across areas of disagreement. It hasn’t always been easy.

But as you look beyond Palm Drive to the division and polarization that grip our country and our world, it’s clear that this is a skill that our world desperately needs.The friends and mentors you have met here at Stanford have broadened your perspective. 

As you enter the next chapter of your lives, I encourage you to continue to engage with many voices and to seek out discussion and debate. Honor your own values, but keep an open mind to learning from others’ perspectives and continue to bring the best version of yourself to those discussions.

Third, I urge each of you to imagine a brighter future and to figure out what your own unique contribution will be.Our world faces many challenges – from emerging and chronic diseases, to disinformation, to the climate crisis and geopolitical tensions. 

Each of you has the knowledge and the ability to rise to these challenges and to help transform our world for the better, for your own future and for the generations that follow.I know you are up to the challenge. I’ve seen it. 

As just one example, this spring, I’ve been so proud of the ways in which the Stanford community has responded to the war in Ukraine – from our scholars at the Freeman-Spogli Institute and across the university, who have played a major role in advising U.S. policymakers and providing knowledge and insight into the conflict, to our Stanford students, who worked with a local nonprofit to organize a shipment of more than $120,000 worth of medical and humanitarian relief to Ukrainian refugees in Poland.

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia was another stark reminder of how the world can change in an instant and how each of us – each of you – can contribute, in ways big and small.So I encourage each of you to reflect on the challenges we face and to consider what your own contributions will be.

Through the disruption of the last two years, each of us has had an opportunity to reassess our values and to reflect on what pursuits give us true meaning and fulfillment.

So even as you celebrate all that you have accomplished, I urge each of you to take time to reflect and to ask yourself:How can I shape a future that reflects what I’ve learned about my values and priorities?

And how can I help create a brighter future for my own community and for the world? As you take your next steps along your own path, you’ll carry Stanford with you. The work you’ve done here will ripple forward through your life, propelling you through the early years of your career and providing you a foundation for a life of change and transformation.

中文演講全文

歡迎各位 2022 屆畢業(yè)生和即將畢業(yè)的哈佛學(xué)院畢業(yè)生。

整整 1,359 天前，我們在畢業(yè)典禮上相遇，我們一起開始了我們的第一年——你們是本科生，我是校長。我談到了學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)威的優(yōu)點，并挑戰(zhàn)你利用你作為本科生的醒著時間——其中大約 21,000 小時——來探索大學(xué)所提供的一切。

那時我們幾乎不知道我們都將面臨一場全球流行病，這場流行病將以我們無法想象的方式考驗我們。我覺得我們穿著這些飄揚的長袍聚集在這里很合適，這不僅象征著我們在學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)中的成員身份，而且象征著我們過去四年的經(jīng)歷，我們在哈佛的經(jīng)歷——一個被風(fēng)吹過的世界以前從未存在過。我們所有人都與他們一起進入了未知世界。這是一次比我們?nèi)魏稳硕碱A(yù)料到的更加狂野的旅程。 

坦率地說，當(dāng)我在 2020 年 3 月這么短的時間內(nèi)做出讓你們所有人回家的艱難決定時，我從未想過兩年后——僅在美國就有 100 萬人死于這種病毒之后——我們?nèi)詴幚黼S著這場公共衛(wèi)生危機。您的課程已經(jīng)過測試，其他課程很少。你已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出非凡的韌性和耐心，這兩種技能都將在你為哈佛畢業(yè)后的生活做準(zhǔn)備時為你服務(wù)。 

根據(jù)我對您的了解以及您在這一刻的相遇方式，我堅信您會像之前的那些人一樣找到自己的道路，并在世界上留下自己的印記。讓我借此機會感謝你們的堅持、靈活性和理解。我認(rèn)為我對任何一所大學(xué)的任何畢業(yè)班都沒有比我為哈佛大學(xué) 2022 屆班級感到自豪的了。

有一天，我們將有足夠的距離來思考我們作為一個社區(qū)所經(jīng)歷的艱辛，但那一天不是今天——這沒關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在，我們可以分享一個安靜的時刻，告別過去 1,359 天的想象。現(xiàn)在，我們可以很感激我們在這里——一起——即將開始你的畢業(yè)典禮，以及未來幾年等待你的一切。

It is quite common for students at this precise moment in time—a day before your College graduation—to feel a combination of excitement and anxiety. Excitement for all that awaits you as you begin the next chapter in the journey called life, and anxiety over where that journey is likely to take you. Some of you entered Harvard convinced of exactly where you wanted to go—law school, medical school, a career in public service, for example. 

Some of you found your passion on this campus and are now going to pursue academic careers or opportunities in journalism, the arts, or entertainment. And some of you are still searching. You may have a job lined up that will pay you well, but, if you are honest with yourself, you are still worried if it is the right path for you or if you will succeed.One of the problems in trying to plan your career is that a career is only knowable in retrospect. 

On the day you retire you can look back and it all makes sense. You can identify the inflection points, the decisions, that brought you to where you ultimately wound up. But when confronting these decisions in real time, you will struggle. You will make lists of pros and cons. You will consult with friends and family.  And you will agonize over these choices long into the night.

I know what I am talking about because I have been there.As I was completing my PhD here at Harvard, Adele and I thought we were headed to Washington, DC.  It was the start of the Carter administration, and we were excited by the prospect of getting in on the ground floor. But then an unexpected opportunity came up:Would I like to return to my alma mater, MIT, to fill in for someone going on leave for two years? 

The salary was a fraction of what I would have made in DC and there was no guarantee of a job two years hence.A number of years later, I was still at MIT—now on the tenure track but disheartened because my fabulously talented co-author didn’t get tenure. 

I had concluded that if he did not get it, I wouldn’t either, and I had just made up my mind to leave MIT and academia altogether when my department chair came calling:Would I consider taking on major administrative responsibility to launch a new academic program?Flash forward 35 years. I was a member of a presidential search committee, trying to find a leader for a university I care a lot about. 

I had been comfortably semi-retired—more or less—for almost seven years when the chair of the search committee approached me on behalf of the group:Would I consider becoming a candidate for the job?If I had said “no” to any one of those questions, I would not be standing here today. This is not to say that I am prescient or wise, or brave—just that I was open to seeing where roads I hadn’t considered might lead me. That way of moving through the world has taken me to some pretty interesting places—being here, behind this podium, is one of them.

You, too, will have chances to consider other paths for yourself, paths that will appear to you unexpectedly—even inconveniently. Be willing to take those chances. Believe in yourself. And don’t be too concerned about failure. My late mother, Ruth, was a very wise woman. 

Whenever I worried about a decision, she would always say, “What’s the worst that can happen? Can you live with that? If you can, go for it.” I hope you are as liberated by this advice as I have been throughout my life.

Other discrete moments will influence you so profoundly that denying them would be a tragedy.Jorie Graham, Boylston Professor of Oratory and Rhetoric, was once an undergraduate at NYU with her heart set on filmmaking. One day, walking past an open door of a poetry class, she heard lines from The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock: “I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. / I do not think they will sing to me.” But sing they did—and, because of that moment, Jorie went on to become one of America’s most distinguished poets, a Pulitzer Prize winner, and one of Harvard’s most beloved faculty members.

Rubén Blades, a musical giant and this year’s Harvard Arts medalist, was once a law student in Panama. One weekend, the dean of the school he attended saw him performing with his band. The dean took him aside and told him that if he wanted to be a lawyer—to reflect the dignity of that profession—he would have to quit singing. Rubén ended up in Miami with a demo album—a wild talent and ambition—and, eventually, seventeen Grammys.

Ray Hammond, a graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Medical School, was a very successful surgeon. Then he heard another voice calling him. Today he is Reverend Ray Hammond, one of Boston’s most influential spiritual leaders.I chose these examples because they demonstrate the randomness with which new roads will appear to you. 

Neither Jorie nor Rubén nor Ray could dream of where a single voice would take them, but they listened nonetheless, paying close attention to the world around them as they imagined how and where they wanted to focus their attention and time.Now, I will say something that you may shrug off as nostalgia. 

But I hope you will remember it: Random events of profound influence don’t happen on a screen. Think of a person stopping in her tracks to listen to lines of unfamiliar poetry. Think of a person recognizing his desire in an unexpected and unwelcome ultimatum. Think of a person tuning into something greater than himself. 

想想這些事情發(fā)生在哪里以及如何發(fā)生——以及它們不能或不會發(fā)生的地點和方式。以激情和熱情親自參與和擁抱這個世界，如果你幸運的話，有一天你也會受到意想不到的啟發(fā)。2022 屆畢業(yè)生：愿你們充分考慮未來幾年向你們展示的道路。 

愿您體驗詩歌和歌曲的甜蜜，并驚嘆于您在生活中出現(xiàn)的副歌。愿你免于焦慮、恐懼和不確定性——愿你永遠(yuǎn)被愛你的人所包圍。

祝你們每一個人好運——還有 Godspeed。

但我希望你們，耶魯大學(xué)的應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生，離開 t他的地方有一些不同的心態(tài)。我將敦促您認(rèn)識到，您出色的教育使您能夠仔細(xì)傾聽他人的意見，考慮他們要說的話，并且有時會得出一個新的觀點。我建議今天——充滿成就自豪的一天——同時認(rèn)識到知識謙遜的價值。今天，我想強調(diào)承認(rèn)我們所不知道的一切的勇氣，承認(rèn)我們錯了，并改變我們的想法。六十年前，約翰·肯尼迪總統(tǒng)對坐在你們現(xiàn)在的位置的聽眾講話. 隨著戰(zhàn)爭幽靈的臨近，他看到了類似的動蕩狀態(tài)。我懷疑他在這個平臺上從 1962 屆的成員那里獲得了類似的樂觀情緒?？夏岬峡偨y(tǒng)在耶魯大學(xué)的歷史性畢業(yè)典禮演講在其言辭和范圍上都是廣泛的。半個多世紀(jì)后，我們?nèi)匀豢梢詮乃男畔⒅械玫胶芏嚓P(guān)注，包括尋求新觀點的持久但現(xiàn)在特別重要的價值。謙遜，“我們將所有事實置于一套預(yù)制的解釋之下?！?很多時候，他繼續(xù)說，“我們享受意見的安慰，而沒有思想的不適?！睔v史告訴我們確定性的嚴(yán)重危險以及它發(fā)芽的狂妄自大。

當(dāng)我在這里讀研究生時，社會心理學(xué)家歐文·賈尼斯教授是我的老師之一。他制定了群體思維的概念，并將壓制異議與一系列外交政策的失敗聯(lián)系起來，例如越南戰(zhàn)爭的升級和豬灣入侵。豬灣入侵——肯尼迪決定讓中央情報局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一群武裝的古巴流亡者企圖推翻菲德爾·卡斯特羅，但未能成功——肯尼迪的助手阿瑟·施萊辛格將其描述為植根于“一種假設(shè)共識的好奇氣氛，[其中]沒有人反對它?！闭缈夏岬峡偨y(tǒng)本人向其透露的那樣時代雜志，“我們大概有 50 人左右y 我們能找到的最有經(jīng)驗和最聰明的人來計劃這樣的行動。我們大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為它會奏效……我不知道有什么強烈的反對。” 然而，“當(dāng)我們看到廣泛的失敗時，”肯尼迪繼續(xù)說，“我們問自己，為什么從一開始就沒有人看到它。我猜當(dāng)你太想成功時，你就會被現(xiàn)實隔離開來?！比肭肿屆绹械綄擂危谀切├鋺?zhàn)時期，它把古巴推向了蘇聯(lián)?？夏岬显谝敶髮W(xué)發(fā)表講話時，不受約束的意見可以在其中找到庇護的筒倉變得無處不在，而且更容易進入。它們充當(dāng)回聲室，實時重申信念。在這些孤島中，投機活動在不經(jīng)審查的情況下傳播很遠(yuǎn)。這些孤島之間的不和諧精神阻礙了它們之間誠實的思想交流。簡而言之，堅持我們的共識圈變得更加令人欣慰，而質(zhì)疑它們變得更加困難。

我鼓勵你拒絕那種安慰，因為愿意探索新想法才是真正的不同。你很清楚這一點，我意識到。學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)驗的多樣性可以利用耶魯大學(xué)確保你不局限于向那些已經(jīng)分享你觀點的人學(xué)習(xí)。事實上，肯尼迪總統(tǒng)之所以選擇在耶魯談?wù)摯祟悊栴}，“因為一個不言而喻的事實是，一所偉大的大學(xué)總是被招募來反對幻想的傳播，站在現(xiàn)實的一邊。”另一位社會心理學(xué)家馬克·利里（Mark Leary）最近退休了來自杜克大學(xué)的教員，仔細(xì)檢查了我在高等教育中以及今天在你身上尋求培養(yǎng)的知識謙遜。他對這一屬性的回顧——承認(rèn)“一個人的信仰和意見可能不正確”——揭示了它與感恩、利他主義、同理心和更令人滿意的關(guān)系有關(guān)。智力上謙遜的人更容易因錯誤而被他人原諒。作為極端主義、兩極分化、

當(dāng)我們四年前在伍爾西大廳第一次見面時，我描述了伴隨你在耶魯大學(xué)接受教育的一系列義務(wù)，包括不斷保持好奇心和認(rèn)真傾聽他人的責(zé)任。在 2018 年的開幕大會上，我鼓勵這個班級的成員記住“你來耶魯是因為你什么都不知道——還沒有?！爆F(xiàn)在，即使你準(zhǔn)備在四年后離開耶魯，我還是要再次聲明你獲得的知識還沒有完成。盡管你不知道一切，你還是會離開耶魯。自由教育的變革力量不在于承諾教你一切，而是在于準(zhǔn)備好迎接假設(shè)——包括我們自己懷有的假設(shè)——帶著健康的懷疑。不在于回答的能力，而在于敢于提問。作為畢業(yè)生，你應(yīng)該把你在耶魯建立的好奇態(tài)度帶到世界上；堅持你的觀點——包括你自己的——超越舒適的范圍；你決心通過個人調(diào)查和民間話語加強你的推理。在思考學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè)的這些商標(biāo)時，我想起了被稱為邁蒙尼德的中世紀(jì)偉大哲學(xué)家拉比摩西本邁蒙的格言。在他對 Pirkei Avot 的介紹中，我們父親的倫理，邁蒙尼德敦促讀者“接受任何說真話的人”。你決心通過個人調(diào)查和民間話語加強你的推理。在思考學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè)的這些商標(biāo)時，我想起了被稱為邁蒙尼德的中世紀(jì)偉大哲學(xué)家拉比摩西本邁蒙的格言。在他對 Pirkei Avot 的介紹中，我們父親的倫理，邁蒙尼德敦促讀者“接受任何說真話的人”。你決心通過個人調(diào)查和民間話語加強你的推理。在思考學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè)的這些商標(biāo)時，我想起了被稱為邁蒙尼德的中世紀(jì)偉大哲學(xué)家拉比摩西本邁蒙的格言。在他對 Pirkei Avot 的介紹中，我們父親的倫理，邁蒙尼德敦促讀者“接受任何說真話的人”。

確實，智慧植根于這種愿意——這種責(zé)任——接受他人帶給你的想法。要仔細(xì)聽。批判性地思考。挑戰(zhàn)你的觀點——然后在發(fā)現(xiàn)真相需要它時改變它們。正如大法官索尼婭·索托馬約爾最近所說，“我擔(dān)心，當(dāng)人們聽到的與他們所想的不同時，他們很容易不聽。眾所周知，與持有截然不同觀點的人交往可能不會背叛我們的信念，但要擴大它們。傾聽我們可能不同意的東西不是和解的行為，而是忠于真理的行為。承認(rèn)我們做錯了并不是失敗的跡象，而是邁向知識的必要一步。偉大教育的標(biāo)志不僅包括我們到達(dá)的知識的新領(lǐng)域，但是我們重新考慮現(xiàn)有的觀點；不一定是我們獲得的理解，而是我們擺脫的假設(shè)。因為只有當(dāng)我們對肯尼迪總統(tǒng)在耶魯大學(xué)所說的“預(yù)制的解釋”進行審查時，我們才能將我們的局限性提升為力量點。確實，謙遜——愿意說我們錯了——en使我們能夠擴大規(guī)模，否則無法實現(xiàn)abl終生追求知識的高峰。***作為耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，你忠于真理。你知道突破是你提出的問題、你爭論的慣例、你發(fā)現(xiàn)的謬誤的副產(chǎn)品。但是，還有你自己的錯誤。你知道，當(dāng)我們四年前第一次作為一個班級聚會時，我談到的“新想法和解決方案”——對抗疾病、減輕痛苦和尋求正義的想法和解決方案——在它們經(jīng)受嚴(yán)格的批判性調(diào)查時會變得更好。也許現(xiàn)在比以往任何時候，你即將進入的世界都需要你尋找這些解決方案。它需要你的專業(yè)知識。但它也需要你作為這個鼓舞人心的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的畢業(yè)生的榜樣。它需要您繼續(xù)探索他人持有的先入之見，并以同樣的活力探索您自己持有的那些先入之見。它需要你的答案和你的問題。它需要你的學(xué)識和懷疑。它需要你的智力。它需要你的智慧謙遜。它需要你，2022 屆。

今年這種特權(quán)感覺比往常更特別。很榮幸能在 2022 年的優(yōu)秀本科生和研究生班上發(fā)言。獲得普林斯頓大學(xué)學(xué)位在任何一年都是一項非凡的成就，但你已經(jīng)克服了在這里開始學(xué)習(xí)時我們都無法想象的挑戰(zhàn)。你，你的家人，你的朋友可以為你所取得的成就感到自豪。而且你可以肯定，你所展示的實力將在未來幾年為你服務(wù)。今年早些時候，亞特蘭大的一位普林斯頓校友問我，我認(rèn)為什么品質(zhì)或特征是大學(xué)及以后成功的最佳預(yù)測指標(biāo)。  

我首先說，我不愿意在一個非常多樣化的學(xué)生群體中一概而論，這些學(xué)生群體擁有一系列令人眼花繚亂的才能。普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生以許多鼓舞人心的方式取得成功，這一事實在你們在這里的這段時間里得到了大家的生動證實。不過，我對我們的校友說，如果我必須說出一種在成就和才能的許多方面都很重要的品質(zhì)，那就是將是堅持：當(dāng)事情變得困難時繼續(xù)前進的能力和動力。我們所有人都經(jīng)歷了困難時期。為了實現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)，我們必須找到繼續(xù)前進的方法，即使——事實上，尤其是當(dāng)——障礙似乎無法克服或無窮無盡，并且向前推進感到筋疲力盡、令人生畏或只是乏味時。

我承認(rèn)，與天才、創(chuàng)造力或勇氣相比，堅持不懈是一種相當(dāng)乏味的美德。  

一句古老的格言，通常但可能被錯誤地歸因于 19 世紀(jì)的幽默作家喬什·比林斯，通過將其與郵票相比較來贊美堅持，郵票通過“堅持一件事直到它到達(dá)那里”來取得成功。盡管它可能是謙虛的，但是, 堅持對于成就，包括學(xué)業(yè)成就，至少與任何其他著名的特征一樣重要。你今天獲得學(xué)位的方式有很多，有很多原因，但并非最不重要的原因是你在這個校園里和遠(yuǎn)離校園的整個時間里都堅持不懈它。  

你不僅經(jīng)歷了一場改變世界的大流行病，而且經(jīng)歷了問題集、寫作作業(yè)、實驗室、期中考試、期末考試、高級論文、論文，以及大學(xué)生活中不可避免的個人危機和懷疑，事實上，更普遍的生活。到達(dá)和越過終點線是困難的，這就是為什么我們?nèi)绱藷崆榈貞c祝大學(xué)學(xué)位。你今天獲得的學(xué)位非常重要。真正最重要的是學(xué)位，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過與之相伴的榮譽或其他裝飾。我不知道這是好消息還是壞消息，但我必須告訴你，平均成績與以后生活的成功之間幾乎沒有相關(guān)性。

但是獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位？這與從更高的收入到更好的健康再到更大的公民參與等方方面面都相關(guān)聯(lián)——這個清單還在繼續(xù)。堅持完成大學(xué)事務(wù)，這就是為什么我們懷著欽佩和欣喜若狂的心情慶祝畢業(yè)典禮。在普林斯頓大學(xué)，學(xué)生們采取了不同的方式來應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的流行病。有些人請了一年假，有些人沒有。然而，無論如何，普林斯頓學(xué)生的畢業(yè)率仍然很高。然而，我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，并非所有地方都是如此。  

在全國各地的大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上，今年有缺椅子和缺學(xué)生，未來幾年可能還會有更多缺椅子。一些學(xué)生在大流行期間離開學(xué)校并沒有回來。一些可能已經(jīng)上大學(xué)的高中生已經(jīng)做出了其他選擇。盡管數(shù)據(jù)不完整，但這兩個問題似乎對來自弱勢背景的學(xué)生以及就讀于社區(qū)大學(xué)和其他公立兩年制機構(gòu)的學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了不成比例的影響。那是一場悲劇。悲劇，因為正如我剛才所說，學(xué)位很重要。我們所有參加這樣儀式的人，我們所有慶祝獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位的學(xué)生的人，都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到迫切需要讓那些發(fā)現(xiàn)通往大學(xué)學(xué)位的道路受阻或未通過的人回來能夠_

當(dāng)學(xué)生背負(fù)債務(wù)后輟學(xué)時，即使債務(wù)數(shù)額很小，這尤其具有破壞性。當(dāng)媒體報道學(xué)生債務(wù)時，他們喜歡關(guān)注一些學(xué)生積累的令人瞠目結(jié)舌的貸款。然而，事實上，大多數(shù)學(xué)生貸款違約都涉及負(fù)債較少的學(xué)生，他們在沒有獲得學(xué)位的情況下就離開了大學(xué)。如果學(xué)生堅持到畢業(yè)，他們的賺錢能力就會上升，他們甚至可以經(jīng)常償還大筆貸款。  

沒有學(xué)位，他們看不到賺錢能力的提高，而且經(jīng)常找不到償還小額貸款的方法。半個學(xué)位不會讓你獲得一半的賺錢能力：不幸的是，它幾乎沒有給你帶來任何好處。我們需要政策來幫助那些離開大學(xué)的人。例如，新澤西州州長菲爾·墨菲（Phil Murphy）提出了一項新的“一些大學(xué)，沒有學(xué)位”計劃，以幫助超過 700,000 名未完成學(xué)業(yè)就離開學(xué)校的新澤西人。我希望立法機關(guān)會資助該提案。在聯(lián)邦一級，一個由兩黨參議員組成的團體發(fā)起了一項名為“ASPIRE 法案”的立法，該法案將為學(xué)院和大學(xué)提供激勵措施，以提高其畢業(yè)率并增加他們在低收入學(xué)生中的代表性。該法案沒有通過；沒有任何建議是完美的。然而，一種或另一種方式，

無論如何，我們需要把全國各地畢業(yè)典禮上丟失的椅子加回來。我希望今天和接下來的一周，當(dāng)你慶祝你的學(xué)位時，你會花時間感謝朋友、家人、老師，導(dǎo)師和其他幫助您堅持完成終點線的人。無論是在正常時期還是在困難時期，我們都無法靠自己取得成功。  

而且，本著這種精神，我也希望，當(dāng)你們所有人在校園之外追求探索和冒險時，你們將幫助其他人堅持完成終點線，就像你們自己所說的那樣。我知道，無論你們做，你會讓普林斯頓大學(xué)感到自豪，你會把你的才能、創(chuàng)造力和性格以我們今天幾乎無法想象的方式發(fā)揮作用。這個平臺上的所有人都很高興能成為你慶?；顒拥囊徊糠帧?/font>我們?yōu)槟愕膱猿?、你的才能、你的成就和你的抱?fù)喝彩。當(dāng)你踏上未來的道路時，我們向你致以最美好的祝愿，我們希望它能讓你多次回到這個校園。  

我們期待在您回來時歡迎您，我們對 2022 屆的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生表示祝賀！

今天早上來到這里慶祝我們的畢業(yè)生的每個人——歡迎來到麻省理工學(xué)院！ 

To everyone joining us online, from around the world -– we are so happy you could be with us!And to the parents and families of today’s graduates, here and everywhere: A huge “Congratulations” to you as well!  This day is the joyful result of your loving support and sacrifice. And for that, you have our deepest respect and admiration.I also know that a few years ago, many of you may have thought that you had succeeded in sending your offspring away for college or graduate school. But things did notturn out exactly that way. So please know how much we appreciate you!Now, to our new graduates. 

It has always puzzled me when events like this are referred to as “Commencement Exercises,” because they involve so much sitting down!  So I am going to start with a little something to get our hearts moving.At MIT, one thing we understand is the importance of distinguishing the signal from the noise.  But sometimes, if the noise is noisy enough, it actually becomes the signal!We all know that getting through MIT is not a “solo performance.” In fact, it usually takes an orchestra of loving assistance! So I would like each of you to hold in your mind now all the people who helped you along the way: your family, your role models, your professors and teaching assistants, your friends.  In a moment, I hope that, together, we can send them a signal -– in a very noisy way.

為此，您需要盡可能大聲地說出兩個詞：“謝謝！” 你說對了？就這兩個字，“謝謝！” 好的，現(xiàn)在，準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？數(shù)到三：一、二、三——謝謝！嗯。你很幸運，我已經(jīng)同意給這個通過/無記錄評分。第一次嘗試非常好，但你可以做得更好。我相信你！所以我要再給你一次機會。這次，讓我們舉起雙手試試吧！一路攀升！  

現(xiàn)在，很好，很響亮，所以對網(wǎng)上的人來說甚至很吵。好的——一、二、三：謝謝！謝謝你！那么，我為什么要你這樣做呢？我知道這會給你所愛的人帶來短暫的愉悅感。但我也在追求更深層次的東西。只需詢問大腦和認(rèn)知科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的任何人（課程......？沒錯，課程 9?。?。正如課程 9 中的任何人都可以告訴你的那樣，研究表明，簡單地表達(dá)感激之情會對你的大腦產(chǎn)生奇妙的作用。它會讓你大腦的不同部分以同步的方式行動！它點亮了獎勵途徑！它甚至給你一點多巴胺！換句話說，表達(dá)對他人的感激和感激對我們的大腦有好處，對我們的心臟也很有好處。我們生活在歷史上一個艱難而復(fù)雜的時刻。 

我們所有人都可以使用可靠的設(shè)備來感覺更好。所以現(xiàn)在——感謝腦科學(xué)！- 你有一個！感謝放大器是牢不可破的。它的電池永遠(yuǎn)不會耗盡，也永遠(yuǎn)不會試圖賣給你任何東西。您可以每天、永遠(yuǎn)使用它——而且它是免費的！這是一份畢業(yè)禮物，你可以隨身攜帶，即使你所有的移動盒子都已經(jīng)用膠帶封上了。

我非常感謝你們所有人在這美好的一天，在這個極其重要的時刻來到基利安法院。我希望你們這些即將畢業(yè)的人可能會懷著復(fù)雜的心情來到今天：對你的下一步感到興奮，但是感覺你在校園里沒有足夠的時間——和你的教授在一起的時間，尤其是彼此之間的時間。出于這個原因，我特別感謝你親自來這里。而且，回首往事，我也很感激我從這個班的成員那里學(xué)到了很多東西。我想專注于今天的幾位畢業(yè)生幫助領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項努力——努力創(chuàng)造一種對抗強度的解毒劑。

我們都知道麻省理工學(xué)院很激烈。這就是為什么我們喜歡它的部分原因：麻省理工學(xué)院吸引了熱情的人（就像你們所有人一樣！）——然后我們互相推動，我們互相激勵，強烈地。但每個人有時都需要從緊張中休息一下。不同的學(xué)生找到不同的方法來緩解它——音樂！運動的！交際舞！一些學(xué)生甚至通過發(fā)明減輕他人壓力的方法來尋求解脫。幾年前，在大流行之前，本科生協(xié)會的一群學(xué)生環(huán)顧四周，得出的結(jié)論是，麻省理工學(xué)院真正需要的是一個休閑的地方，在中間校園里，學(xué)生們可以在這里停下來、放松、閑逛、學(xué)習(xí)（如果需要）并獲得免費食物，全天 24 小時。當(dāng) 26-110 房間騰出空間時，香蕉休息室誕生了！

是的，香蕉休息室。對于那些還沒有去過那里的人：香蕉休息室是一個長長的、陽光充足的房間，靠近主校區(qū)的十字路口。到處都是五顏六色的畫作、巨大的綠葉??植物、樂高玩具、豆袋椅——還有一盒一盒的香蕉?，F(xiàn)在，作為委內(nèi)瑞拉人，我非常重視某些事情，其中??之一就是熱帶水果。如果他們問我，那將是關(guān)于芒果的！ 

但是，當(dāng)然，在芒果中，有一個巨大的、滑溜溜的、可笑的種子。正如學(xué)生們很快確定的那樣，芒果根本無法與無核、自包裝香蕉的優(yōu)雅工程相媲美。香蕉休息室以其迷人的古怪而“非常麻省理工學(xué)院”。事實證明，它在其他方面也“非常 MIT”。學(xué)生們從一個原型休息室開始，在現(xiàn)實世界條件下對其進行了測試，并對其進行了優(yōu)化以提高效率和舒適度。

他們評估了競爭水果的營養(yǎng)成分，分析了替代供應(yīng)鏈，確定了采購中理想的綠色/黃色比例，并努力將每個香蕉的單位成本降至最低。他們實時跟蹤和校準(zhǔn)香蕉庫存的溫度和濕度, 在線, 他們制定了協(xié)議來凍結(jié)過剩供應(yīng)并獲取香蕉面包的價值。他們從 1987 年級的一位非?？犊某蓡T Brad Feld那里獲得了資金（他支付了今年所有香蕉的費用！謝謝，布拉德?。?nbsp; 

他們還開發(fā)了“免費咖啡”的前沿概念，用他們的話說，“對于激發(fā)休息室氣氛和促進對話至關(guān)重要”。休息室已經(jīng)供應(yīng)了超過 50 萬根香蕉！（其中兩個是我的……）它也產(chǎn)生了非常多的香蕉引起的小睡。學(xué)生們基本上都是自己做的……運用他們的麻省理工學(xué)院技能和最令人愉快的麻省理工學(xué)院價值觀。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個未闡明的問題，敢于嘗試一個“瘋狂”的想法，非常努力地工作——在這個過程中，他們建立了一個美妙的、熱帶的、完全不可能的新麻省理工學(xué)院。  

我們非常感激。因此，我正是本著這種精神向你傳達(dá)了我的職責(zé)。我將使用一個在麻省理工學(xué)院感到非常舒適的詞——盡管它在其他地方具有令人不安的新含義。但我知道我們的畢業(yè)生會明白我的意思。在你啟程前往新的目的地之后，我想請你去破解這個世界——直到你讓這個世界更像麻省理工學(xué)院：更大膽、更熱情。更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、創(chuàng)新和雄心勃勃。更謙虛，更尊重，更慷慨，更善良。因為麻省理工學(xué)院的人也喜歡修復(fù)損壞的東西，當(dāng)你努力破解世界時，請嘗試治愈世界。

我們的社會就像一個大而復(fù)雜的家庭，正處于一場可怕的爭論之中。我相信讓事情變得更好的一種方法是找到以同情心傾聽彼此的方法，專注于實現(xiàn)我們共同的目標(biāo)，并不斷嘗試提醒彼此我們共同的人性。我知道你也會找到自己的方法來幫助治愈這種疾病。今天早上，我們與世界分享近 3700 名剛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生，??他們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)對這一緊迫而永恒的問題。你帶著自己的非凡品質(zhì)來到麻省理工學(xué)院。而現(xiàn)在，經(jīng)過多年專注和專注的奉獻，您離開了我們，配備了一套獨特的技能，并沉浸在這個社區(qū)最深刻的價值觀中：對卓越的承諾。正直。 

憑自己的優(yōu)點升華。膽量。謙遜。開放的合作精神。產(chǎn)生積極影響的強烈愿望。以及讓世界變得更美好的責(zé)任感。所以現(xiàn)在，走出去吧。加入世界。找到你的電話。解決無法解決的問題。創(chuàng)造未來。走高路。嘗試總是分享你的香蕉！你將繼續(xù)讓你的家人，包括你的 MIT 家庭，為之驕傲。在這美好的一天，我為你們所有人感到驕傲。致每一位2022屆畢業(yè)生：恭喜！?。?！請接受我對幸福和成功的生活和事業(yè)的最良好祝愿。