各位備考雅思的同學(xué)覺(jué)得雅思寫(xiě)作中什么最難?答案可能無(wú)非就是語(yǔ)法、詞匯、邏輯、思路等,而可能沒(méi)人會(huì)說(shuō)“文化”,具體講就是如何在大作文寫(xiě)作中有意識(shí)地規(guī)避文化差異的影響。 文化差異(cultural gap)是中國(guó)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中經(jīng)常被忽視的一個(gè)點(diǎn),學(xué)生花大量的時(shí)間用在詞匯和語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)中,可能基本語(yǔ)言能力可以,但是具體放到交際語(yǔ)境中,下意識(shí)地會(huì)產(chǎn)生文化窘境。比如一個(gè)老外朋友說(shuō)他穿的一件衣服是剛買(mǎi)的,中國(guó)人下意識(shí)地會(huì)問(wèn)“How much? Where did you get it?”大家腦補(bǔ)一下老外腦子里飛出很多個(gè)“關(guān)你鳥(niǎo)事……”的尷尬。
如果你雅思考試出現(xiàn)過(guò)考完覺(jué)得自己的寫(xiě)的“還挺好”,但是實(shí)際分?jǐn)?shù)和預(yù)估差距比較大的情況,排除很多學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的跑題的情況,那么很有可能你的作文中出現(xiàn)了讓考官“文化上”看不懂的內(nèi)容。 我用一個(gè)容易理解的例子做類(lèi)比:2010年的電影讓子彈飛在中國(guó)大陸火了一把,可是在北美的票房卻慘淡到不到30萬(wàn)美金,但是同樣的中國(guó)電影臥虎藏龍卻在美國(guó)大賣(mài),原因就在于前者里有太多中國(guó)獨(dú)有的文化符號(hào),缺少?gòu)?qiáng)大的中國(guó)文化背景的外國(guó)人是無(wú)法理解的,而后者卻很好的處理的文化差異,展示的多是一些universal的主題和內(nèi)容。 回歸主題,來(lái)看這篇?jiǎng)?的大作文:Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? 下面是范文中的其中一段:There are, however, some disadvantages. Primary school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills themselves. If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the flexibility referred to above is Diminished. If primary language teaching is not standardized, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their Intake, resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains. There is no advantage if enthusiastic primary pupils become demotivated as soon as they change schools. However, these issues can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted. 這篇范文是考官自己寫(xiě)的,給出的評(píng)價(jià)是“a very good answer”,雖然劍橋雅思在examiner自己寫(xiě)的文章中都沒(méi)有直接給出分?jǐn)?shù),但我認(rèn)為拿8-9分問(wèn)題不大??赡芎芏鄬W(xué)生大呼“幾乎每個(gè)單詞我都看懂了,但是放在一起我不太明白……”,或者“我寫(xiě)的話,絕逼想不到寫(xiě)這些點(diǎn)啊……” 這是為什么呢?原因就在于“culture gap”。