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安全永遠(yuǎn)是WEB應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)必須面對(duì)的頭等大事, 也是最頭疼的事, 其實(shí)安全系統(tǒng)就只包括兩個(gè)問(wèn)題: 認(rèn)證和授權(quán).    以前做些網(wǎng)站系統(tǒng), 安全檢測(cè)邏輯都在放在須要安全控制的代碼前面, 這樣做有很多不好的地方, 重復(fù)多次的編碼就不用說(shuō)了, 代碼移植性, 重用性都得不到體現(xiàn), 安全檢測(cè)邏輯要永遠(yuǎn)和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯放在一起.
    那么, 能不能夠在進(jìn)入方法前就調(diào)用一些安全檢測(cè)? 其實(shí)Spring AOP就是這個(gè)思想, 那么又如何實(shí)現(xiàn)安全檢測(cè)呢? Spring Acegi Security 框架就是做這個(gè)事情.
     本文主要是討論下在已有的SSH系統(tǒng)中, 如何使用Acegi作為安全框架實(shí)現(xiàn)基于角色的權(quán)限控制(Role Based Access Control RBAC) , 本文主要是以Java 5注解的形式來(lái)配置安全框架, 大大減化配置和操作.
    本文的主要參考資料: <Spring 2.0 核心技術(shù)與最佳實(shí)踐> 第10章 (Spring Acegi 安全框架)
                <精通Spring 2.X -- 企業(yè)應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)詳解> 第17章 (使用Acegi 實(shí)施應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)安全)
                acegi-security-1.0.6 官方文檔
    說(shuō)明: 本文介紹的是RBAC, 在官方文檔的基礎(chǔ)上有所擴(kuò)展或改動(dòng), 以更適合WEB應(yīng)用系統(tǒng). 其實(shí)我覺(jué)得大多數(shù)的網(wǎng)站基于角色已經(jīng)足夠了, 一般都沒(méi)必要基于權(quán)限.
     文章開(kāi)始:
一. 下載所要的軟件或JAR包:
    我的相關(guān)配置是: Java 5, Tomcat 5.5.26, Struts 2.0.11, Spring 2.5.1, Hibernate 3.2, Acegi 1.0.6
二. 建立相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù):
     數(shù)據(jù)表: 用戶信息表User: id, enable, user_name, user_pass, email_box
                 角色信息表RoleInfo: id, role_name, role_title, descp
                 用戶與角色關(guān)聯(lián)表(用戶與角色是多對(duì)多關(guān)系)UserRole: user_id, user_name, role_id, role_name
                并在這三個(gè)表中插入相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù), 我是定義了兩種角色(role_name): ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN
                和三個(gè)用戶, 一個(gè)用戶角色為: ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN
                 另一個(gè)用戶角色為: ROLE_USER
                第三個(gè)沒(méi)有角色.
二. 修改配置文件:
    其實(shí)對(duì)Acegi框架的應(yīng)用難點(diǎn)就在配置文件, 所以要特別注意了:
    在 src 建立Acegi的配置文件: acegi-security.xml 當(dāng)然這個(gè)文件的名稱是可以任意的.
    acegi-security.xml 說(shuō)白了就是配置: 安全攔截器, 認(rèn)證管理器, 決策管理器.
    其內(nèi)容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- ========================= 認(rèn)證管理器 ========================= -->
<bean id="authenticationManager" class="org.acegisecurity.providers.ProviderManager">
<property name="providers">
   <list>
    <ref bean="daoAuthenticationProvider" />
    <ref bean="rememberMeAuthenticationProvider" />
   </list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 基于DAO驗(yàn)證的AuthenticationProvider -->
<bean id="daoAuthenticationProvider" class="org.acegisecurity.providers.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
<property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
</bean>
<bean id="userDetailsService" class="org.ymcn.security.AcegiUserDeitailsService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao" />
<property name="userRoleDao" ref="userRoleDao" />
</bean>
<bean id="rememberMeAuthenticationProvider" class="org.acegisecurity.providers.rememberme.RememberMeAuthenticationProvider">
<property name="key" value="obullxl@163.com" />
</bean>
<bean id="rememberMeServices" class="org.acegisecurity.ui.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices">
<property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
<property name="parameter" value="j_remember_me" />
<property name="key" value="obullxl@163.com" />
<property name="tokenValiditySeconds" value="31536000" />
</bean>
<!-- ========================= 決策管理器 ========================= -->
<bean id="accessDecisionManager" class="org.acegisecurity.vote.AffirmativeBased">
<property name="decisionVoters">
   <list>
    <ref bean="roleVoter" />
   </list>
</property>
<!-- 是否全部棄權(quán)就通過(guò) -->
<property name="allowIfAllAbstainDecisions" value="false" />
</bean>
<bean id="roleVoter" class="org.acegisecurity.vote.RoleVoter">
<property name="rolePrefix" value="ROLE_" />
</bean>
<!-- ========================= 過(guò)濾器鏈 ========================= -->
<bean id="filterChainProxy" class="org.acegisecurity.util.FilterChainProxy">
<property name="filterInvocationDefinitionSource">
   <value>
    CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON
    PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT
    /**=httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter,logoutFilter,authenticationProcessingFilter,rememberMeFilter,exceptionFilter,securityInterceptor
   </value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="httpSessionContextIntegrationFilter" class="org.acegisecurity.context.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter" />
<bean id="logoutFilter" class="org.acegisecurity.ui.logout.LogoutFilter">
<!-- 登錄退出后的URL -->
<constructor-arg value="/" />
<constructor-arg>
   <list>
    <ref bean="rememberMeServices" />
    <bean class="org.acegisecurity.ui.logout.SecurityContextLogoutHandler" />
   </list>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- 登錄退出的URL -->
<property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/j_logout.j" />
</bean>
<bean id="authenticationProcessingFilter" class="org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilter">
<property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager" />
<!-- 登錄失敗后的URL -->
<property name="authenticationFailureUrl" value="/login.jsp?msg=%E6%97%A0%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%90%8D%E6%88%96%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4" />
<!-- 登錄成功后的URL -->
<property name="defaultTargetUrl" value="/user/cmd.jsp" />
<!-- 登錄的URL -->
<property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/j_login.j" />
<property name="rememberMeServices" ref="rememberMeServices" />
</bean>
<bean id="rememberMeFilter" class="org.acegisecurity.ui.rememberme.RememberMeProcessingFilter">
<property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager" />
<property name="rememberMeServices" ref="rememberMeServices" />
</bean>
<bean id="exceptionFilter" class="org.acegisecurity.ui.ExceptionTranslationFilter">
<!-- 出現(xiàn)AuthenticationException時(shí)的登錄入口 -->
<property name="authenticationEntryPoint">
   <bean class="org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint">
   <property name="loginFormUrl" value="/login.jsp" />
    <property name="forceHttps" value="false" />
   </bean>
</property>
<!-- 出現(xiàn)AccessDeniedException時(shí)的Handler -->
<property name="accessDeniedHandler">
   <bean class="org.acegisecurity.ui.AccessDeniedHandlerImpl">
   <property name="errorPage" value="/denied.jsp" />
   </bean>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="securityInterceptor" class="org.acegisecurity.intercept.web.FilterSecurityInterceptor">
<property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager" />
<property name="accessDecisionManager" ref="accessDecisionManager" />
<property name="objectDefinitionSource">
   <value>
    CONVERT_URL_TO_LOWERCASE_BEFORE_COMPARISON
    PATTERN_TYPE_APACHE_ANT
    /admin/**=ROLE_ADMIN
    /user/**=ROLE_USER
    /cart/previeworder*=ROLE_USER
   </value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
    在上面的配置文件中, 紅色部分要特別注意, 其余的內(nèi)容都差不多了.
<bean id="userDetailsService" class="org.ymcn.security.AcegiUserDeitailsService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao" />
<property name="userRoleDao" ref="userRoleDao" />
</bean>
    在整個(gè)應(yīng)用的安全控制中, 我們唯一要編寫(xiě)代碼的類就是: org.ymcn.security.AcegiUserDeitailsService
    就連登錄和登出的代碼也不要了.

三. 修改 web.xml, 增加安全控制過(guò)濾鏈.
<filter>
        <filter-name>acegiFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.acegisecurity.util.FilterToBeanProxy</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>targetClass</param-name>
            <param-value>org.acegisecurity.util.FilterChainProxy</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

<filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>acegiFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.j</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
    注意: 這個(gè)過(guò)濾器一定要在MVC轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過(guò)濾器的前面!!!!
四. 在 applicationContext.xml 中增加 Acegi安全控制攔截器 和 Spring的自動(dòng)代理功能實(shí)現(xiàn)AOP代理
<!-- Acegi安全控制攔截器 -->
<bean id="serviceSecurityInterceptor" class="org.acegisecurity.intercept.method.aopalliance.MethodSecurityInterceptor">
<property name="validateConfigAttributes" value="true" />
<property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager" />
<property name="accessDecisionManager" ref="accessDecisionManager" />
<property name="objectDefinitionSource">
   <bean class="org.acegisecurity.intercept.method.MethodDefinitionAttributes">
    <property name="attributes">
     <bean class="org.acegisecurity.annotation.SecurityAnnotationAttributes" />
    </property>
   </bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 利用Spring的自動(dòng)代理功能實(shí)現(xiàn)AOP代理 -->
<bean id="autoProxyCreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="interceptorNames">
   <list>
    <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
    <value>serviceSecurityInterceptor</value>
   </list>
</property>
<property name="beanNames">
   <list>
    <value>userService</value>
    <value>mailService</value>
   </list>
</property>
</bean>
五. 編寫(xiě)在利用Acegi框架唯一要我們編寫(xiě)的類 AcegiUserDeitailsService.java
package org.ymcn.security;
import java.util.List;
import org.acegisecurity.GrantedAuthority;
import org.acegisecurity.GrantedAuthorityImpl;
import org.acegisecurity.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.acegisecurity.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.acegisecurity.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.ymcn.dao.UserDao;
import org.ymcn.dao.UserRoleDao;
import org.ymcn.model.User;
import org.ymcn.model.UserRole;
public class AcegiUserDeitailsService implements UserDetailsService {
private final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AcegiUserDeitailsService.class);
/* 依賴注入 */
private UserDao userDao;
private UserRoleDao userRoleDao;

public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
   this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void setUserRoleDao(UserRoleDao userRoleDao) {
   this.userRoleDao = userRoleDao;
}

/* 用戶所有的權(quán)限 */
//private final List<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(6);
private GrantedAuthority[] grantedAuthArray;

public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String userName)
    throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException {
   if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
    LOG.debug("Loading UserDetails of userName: " + userName);
   }
   /* 取得用戶 */
   User user = userDao.getUserByName(userName);
   if(user == null) {
    LOG.warn("UserDetails load failed: No such UserRole with userName: " + userName);
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User name is not found.");
   }
   /* 取得所有用戶權(quán)限 */
   List<UserRole> userRoleList = userRoleDao.getUserRoleByUserName(userName);
   if(userRoleList == null || userRoleList.size() == 0) {
    LOG.warn("UserRole load failed: No such UserRole with userName: " + userName);
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("UserRole is not found.");
   }
   /* 取得用戶的所有角色 */
   int size = userRoleList.size();
   grantedAuthArray = new GrantedAuthority[size];
   int j = 0;
   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    UserRole userRole = userRoleList.get(i);
    if(userRole != null) {
     this.grantedAuthArray[j++] = new GrantedAuthorityImpl(userRole.getRoleName().toUpperCase());
    }
   }
   LOG.info("UserName: " + userName + " loaded successfully.");
        return new org.acegisecurity.userdetails.User(userName, user.getUserPass(),
           true, true, true, true, this.grantedAuthArray);
}
}
六. 在業(yè)務(wù)邏輯代碼中利用Java 5注釋實(shí)現(xiàn)安全控制
@Secured({"ROLE_USER"})
void sendSimpleMail(Long userId);
@Secured({"ROLE_ADMIN"})
void sendAttachmentMail() throws Exception;
    其實(shí)就是在需要安全控制的方法前加上: @Secured({"角色名"}), 非常的簡(jiǎn)單
七. 整個(gè)工作完成
    Acegi框架完全是一種可插拔式的, 完全可以在原有的系統(tǒng)中加個(gè)一個(gè)配置文件, 和在每個(gè)方法前加上: @Secured({"角色名"}) 就可完成.
     上面的 AcegiUserDeitailsService.java 中的有 UserDao, UserRoleDao, 我想一看就知道它們是干什么的了, 這完全取決于個(gè)人的實(shí)現(xiàn), 與Acegi無(wú)關(guān), 它僅僅只要返回一個(gè) return new org.acegisecurity.userdetails.User(userName, user.getUserPass(),
          true, true, true, true, this.grantedAuthArray) 就可以了.