倒裝（INVERSION）
一、倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。 ——部分倒裝：將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞提到主語前。
1. 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞， 如：hardly, never, not, not only…but also, little , neither…nor…, not until…,no sooner…than…, seldom ,by no means, in no time, in no case, nowhere, never before(often)等放在句首時(shí)。
Never shall I forget it. Never before have I seen such a film.
Not a single mistake did he make. Little does he care about what others think.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started Often did we warn them not to do so.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Never have I seen such a performance.
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Nowhere in the world can there be such a quiet and beautiful place.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝：
Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒裝：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
注意：只有當(dāng)not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
Not only you but also I am fond of music。
2. so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
把副詞 so 放在句首，表示前面所說的情況，也適合于另一人或物。 肯定句用so,否定句用neither/nor, 用這些詞表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。句式如下： So + be ( have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) + 主語。
Neither (Nor) + be ( have, 助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) + 主語。
He likes rice very much. So do I. Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
I have never been there, and neither has he. If you won't go, neither will I.
注意: So it is/was with sb./It’s the same with sb.
1/ He can speak Chinese and can’t speak Japanese. So it is with his wife.
2/You are a good student and work hard. So it is with Xiao Ming.
3/ You like watching TV. So it is with my brother and me.
區(qū)分: so do I/ so I do/I do so
1/---He is a good boy. --- So he is.(強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,表確實(shí),的確)
2/She hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so.(指代前面提到的同一動(dòng)作或事情)
注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
3. only在句首倒裝的情況：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
4. as, though”盡管” 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。但需注意： 句式：（1） 表語/狀語+ as + 主語+ 系動(dòng)/實(shí)動(dòng)，主句。
（2）動(dòng)原 +as + 主語+ will/may ， 主句。
①句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
②句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前：
Child as he is, he knows much English.
Much as he loves his son, he is strict with him.
Try as I might, I still couldn’t work it out.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
5. 其他部分倒裝
1) 用于so/such…that句型, so/such置于句首時(shí),要部分倒裝
So frightened was he that he didn’t dear to move.
So loudly do the students read their lessons that people can hear them out in the street.
Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy. May you succeed!
Long live the Chinese Communist Party.
3） 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again.
Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating.
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods.
Had I knew it, I wouldn’t have done it.
4） No matter how/However + adj./adv.+主語+ 謂語， 主句。
However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him.
二、倒裝句之全部倒裝
——完全倒裝：將謂語動(dòng)詞直接提到主語前 。
就是把整個(gè)謂語部分放在主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。注意：謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與后面的主語保持一致。常見于下列幾種情況：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：
Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.
2. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝：
Here he comes. Away they went.
3. 1. 把副詞so放在句首，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。
I like reading English, so does he.
2. 把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。
——I don't think I can walk any further.
——_______, let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
4. 用于地點(diǎn)副詞here, there,方位副詞out, in, up, down及時(shí)間副詞now, then等開頭的句子里，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。注意：主語為代詞時(shí)，不能全部倒裝。
There goes the bell. Look! Here they come.
5. 當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語放句首時(shí)。注意：謂語多為be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物動(dòng)詞；倒裝時(shí)不需要助動(dòng)詞。
Under the table are three white cats.
6. 表語置于句首時(shí)，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為"表語+系動(dòng)詞+主語"。
(1)形容詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語: Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)過去分詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語 Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
(3)介詞短語+系動(dòng)詞+主語 In front of the playground is a newly-built house.
Present at the party were Mr green and many other guests.
Seated on the ground are a group of young men.
Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”.
7. 有時(shí)由于主語較長，謂語很短，為保持句子平衡，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
8. 在一些表示祝愿的句子里。 Long live the Communist Party of China!
倒裝句高考例題
1. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _____?（2000年上海）
A. did they B. didn't they C. did it D. didn't it
答案：D
解析：句中that they failed their driving這一同位語增加了思考的難度，若不予考慮，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就顯得簡單（并消除干擾詞語fail），僅留下題干中的the news discouraged him。此外，陳述句中雖有表示含有否定意義的詞，但是個(gè)帶否定前（后）綴的詞語，附加疑問句仍需否定形式。句中含有否定意義的詞時(shí)，看作是否定句，但含有否定前綴的詞不算在內(nèi)。
2. I had finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy.（2000年春招）
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
答案：D
解析：首先當(dāng)否定詞never放在句首時(shí)，句子要采用倒裝的形式，這就否定了選項(xiàng)B和C。又因?yàn)檫@一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在got the job之前，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。
3. _____ can you expect get a pay rise.（2000年春招）
A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
答案：C
解析：句意是：只有努力工作你才有加薪的可能。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有“only＋狀語”放在句首時(shí)，才有倒裝的可能。
4. Not a single song _____ at yesterday's party.（2000年上海）
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
答案：C
解析：否定詞not 在句首，句子部分倒裝。
5. So difficult _____ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English.（2001年上海）
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
答案：D
解析：以“so＋形容詞/副詞”開頭的句子要倒裝。這句話的意思是“在一個(gè)說英語的國家里生活那么困難，我決定學(xué)習(xí)英語?！?/strong>
6. I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____?（2001年上海）
A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they
答案：C
解析：在附加疑問句中，不論主語還是謂語以及句中的肯定與否定都有一些特殊情況，此題就是考查附加疑問句的一個(gè)特例?？碱}是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句的語是I，謂語動(dòng)詞是suppose（其他如think，believe，expect這些動(dòng)詞時(shí)也按此規(guī)則處理），附加疑問句則同從句一致，且不管主句或從句中是肯定還是否定，均用肯定形式。
7. --You forgot your purse when you went out.
--Good heavens, _____.（2002年上海）
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
答案：B
解析：本題所提供的情景Good heavens說明自己在出門時(shí)確實(shí)忘了帶錢包，也就是說“So I did”，表示同意對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)。
8. Not only _____ interested in football but _____ beginning to show an interest in it.（2002年上海春招）
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
答案：D
解析：not only...but also...引導(dǎo)并列分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝語序形式，后一分句用陳述語序。
