1.that和those通常用作指使代詞,也可用作替代詞。它們總是伴隨著限定性的后置修飾語,分別等于the one和 the ones。例如:
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.
2.that也可替代不可數(shù)名詞,但是 the one則不能。例如:
The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.
以上兩例中的that都不能換成the one。
3.that作替代詞,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代詞,既可指物,也可指人。例如:
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.
該句中的the one不能換成that。
4.that用作替代詞和它所替代的名詞詞組的中心詞的“數(shù)”可以不一致。替代單數(shù)名詞時,只替代“the +單數(shù)名詞”,不可替代“a+單數(shù)名詞”。例如:
The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain.(that=the song。song為可數(shù)名詞。)
請注意,這里說的that只替代“the +單數(shù)名詞”,不可替代“a+單數(shù)名詞,系指that在句子中實際的作用,并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出現(xiàn)的詞組必須是“the +單數(shù)名詞。例如:
In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden.
在該句中,前面出現(xiàn)的詞組為a life,但that替代的卻是the life。
that作為替代詞,它不能用于零關(guān)系分句(即沒有關(guān)系代詞的定語從句)之前。例如:
The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s.
(編輯:趙穎茹)