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【科友召集】

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1. 口罩分為醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩、醫(yī)用外科口罩和醫(yī)用護(hù)理口罩，以及日常家庭用的普通棉布口罩。在世衛(wèi)組織的文件中提到的醫(yī)用口罩特指醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩，最大的特征是用繩帶打結(jié)綁在頭部，或者是一個(gè)杯子狀的外形，用繩帶綁或者兩根松緊帶套在頭上。也就是說(shuō)，常見(jiàn)的那種用松緊帶掛在耳朵上的的那些薄薄的口罩都不是醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩。對(duì)于預(yù)防這次新型肺炎來(lái)說(shuō)，世衛(wèi)組織指出，只有醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩是有證據(jù)表明有效的。
2. 假如你買不到醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩，請(qǐng)不要恐慌。因?yàn)槭佬l(wèi)組織指出，正常情況下，只要你的附近，小于 1 米直徑范圍內(nèi)沒(méi)有咳嗽或者打噴嚏的疑似患者，你就是安全的。
3. 洗手比戴口罩更重要。假如你因?yàn)榇髁丝谡侄a(chǎn)生虛假的安全感，卻忘了最重要的洗手，那么就是得不償失的。
4. 假如你只是偶爾，很正常的咳嗽或者打個(gè)噴嚏，最好的處理方式是用手肘或者紙巾來(lái)捂住口鼻，而不是用手捂，或者戴著口罩打。
5. 口罩如果戴著時(shí)間久了變濕潤(rùn)了，就不能再戴，再戴下去，不但不能防住各種細(xì)菌病毒，還會(huì)增加患病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
6. 一次性口罩不要重復(fù)使用。
7. 注意啦，在醫(yī)療場(chǎng)所，也就是那些高危場(chǎng)所，世衛(wèi)組織明確指出，戴普通的布或者棉的口罩只會(huì)增加健康人的感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，要戴只能戴醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩。這個(gè)道理其實(shí)細(xì)想一下就能理解，普通口罩根本無(wú)法過(guò)濾細(xì)菌和病毒，反而更容易讓細(xì)菌和病毒在你的口罩上聚集，是有百害而無(wú)一利的。

醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩

醫(yī)用護(hù)理口罩

1. avoid agglomerations and frequency of closed crowded spaces;
2. maintain distance of at least 1 meter from any individual with 2019-nCoV respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing, sneezing);
3. perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water when hands are visibly soiled;
4. if coughing or sneezing cover nose and mouth with flexed elbow or paper tissue, dispose of tissue immediately after use and perform hand hygiene;
5. refrain from touching mouth and nose;
6. a medical mask is not required, as no evidence is available on its usefulness to protect non-sick persons.

1. 避免頻繁聚集在封閉、擁擠的空間；

2. 與任何有新型冠狀病毒呼吸癥狀（如咳嗽、打噴嚏）的人保持至少 1 米的距離；

3. 經(jīng)常保持手部衛(wèi)生，如果手沒(méi)有被明顯弄臟，用含有酒精的洗手液洗手；否則，請(qǐng)用肥皂和水洗手；

4. 如果咳嗽或打噴嚏，用彎曲的手肘或紙巾捂住口鼻，使用后應(yīng)立即處理掉紙巾，并做好手部清潔；

5. 不要用手接觸口鼻；

6. 不需要醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩，因?yàn)闆](méi)有證據(jù)表明它能保護(hù)非病患人群。

1. wear a medical mask and seek medical care if experiencing fever, cough and difficulty breathing, as soon as possible or in accordance with to local protocols;
2. follow the below advice regarding appropriate mask management.

1. perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water when hands are visibly soiled;
2. keep distance from well individuals as much as possible (at least 1 meter);
3. to contain respiratory secretions, a medical mask should be provided to the individual and worn as much as possible, if it can be tolerated. For individuals who cannot tolerate a medical mask, he/she should rigorously apply respiratory hygiene, i.e. cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with disposable paper tissue. Dispose of the material after use. Clean hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions;
4. improve airflow in living space by opening windows and door as much as possible.

1. 經(jīng)常保持手部衛(wèi)生，如果手沒(méi)有被明顯弄臟，用含有酒精的洗手液洗手；否則，請(qǐng)用肥皂和水洗手；
2. 盡量與健康人保持距離（至少 1 米）；
3. 為了控制呼吸道分泌物，應(yīng)為個(gè)人提供醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩，只要可以忍受，就應(yīng)盡量佩戴。對(duì)于無(wú)法忍受醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩的患者，則應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格采取呼吸衛(wèi)生措施，即在咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)用一次性紙巾捂住口鼻。使用后丟棄材料。接觸呼吸道分泌物后應(yīng)立即洗手；
4. 盡可能多地打開(kāi)窗戶來(lái)改善居住空間的空氣流通。

Relatives or caregivers to individuals with suspected 2019-nCoV infection with mild respiratory symptoms should:

1. perform hand hygiene frequently, using alcohol-based hand rub if hands are not visibly soiled or soap and water when hands are visibly soiled;

2. keep distance from affected individual as much as possible (at least 1 meter);

3. wear a medical mask when in the same room with the affected individual;

4. dispose of the material immediately after use. Clean hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions;

5. improve airflow in living space by opening windows as much as possible.
   

1. 經(jīng)常保持手部衛(wèi)生，如果手沒(méi)有被明顯弄臟，用含有酒精的洗手液洗手；否則，請(qǐng)用肥皂和水洗手；
2. 盡量與病患保持距離（至少 1 米）；
3. 與病患在同一房間時(shí)，戴上醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩；
4. 病患使用后的物品應(yīng)立即丟棄。接觸呼吸道分泌物后立即清潔雙手
5. 盡可能多地打開(kāi)窗戶來(lái)改善居住空間的空氣流通。

1. wear a medical mask while waiting in triage or waiting areas or during transportation within the facility;
2. wear a medical mask when staying in cohorting areas dedicated to suspected or confirmed cases;
3. do not wear a medical mask when isolated in single rooms but cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with disposable paper tissues. Dispose them appropriately and perform hand hygiene immediately afterwards.

1. 在分流區(qū)或候診區(qū)等待，或在場(chǎng)所內(nèi)活動(dòng)期間，戴上醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩；
2. 在與疑似或確診病例同處的場(chǎng)所內(nèi)，戴上醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩；
3. 在單人房間隔離獨(dú)處時(shí)不要佩戴醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩，咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)用一次性紙巾捂住口鼻。妥善處理它們，并立即進(jìn)行手部清潔。

1. wear a medical mask when entering a room where patients suspected or confirmed of being infected with 2019-nCoV are admitted and in any situation of care provided to a suspected or confirmed casec;
2. use a particulate respirator at least as protective as a US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified N95, European Union (EU) standard FFP2, or equivalent, when performing aerosolgenerating procedures such as tracheal intubation, noninvasive ventilation, tracheotomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manual ventilation before intubation, and bronchoscopy.

1. 進(jìn)入收治疑似或確診患者的房間時(shí)，以及在為他們提供任何護(hù)理的情況下，佩戴醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩；

2. 在執(zhí)行氣霧生成程序（如氣管插管、無(wú)創(chuàng)通氣、氣管切開(kāi)、心肺復(fù)蘇、插管前人工通氣、支氣管鏡檢查）時(shí)，使用微粒呼吸器，其防護(hù)能力至少應(yīng)達(dá)到美國(guó)國(guó)家職業(yè)安全與健康研究所（NIOSH）認(rèn)證的 N95、歐盟（EU）標(biāo)準(zhǔn) FFP2 或同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The following information on correct use of medical masks derives from the practices in health-care settingsd:

1. place mask carefully to cover mouth and nose and tie securely to minimise any gaps between the face and the mask;

2. while in use, avoid touching the mask;

3. remove the mask by using appropriate technique (i.e. do not touch the front but remove the lace from behind);

4. after removal or whenever you inadvertently touch a used mask, clean hands by using an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water if visibly soiled

5. replace masks with a new clean, dry mask as soon as they become damp/humid;

6. do not re-use single-use masks;

7. discard single-use masks after each use and dispose of them immediately upon removal.Cloth (e.g. cotton or gauze) masks are not recommended under any circumstance.

1. 仔細(xì)找對(duì)口罩的佩戴位置，蓋住口鼻，系好綁帶保證安全，盡可能減少臉部與口罩之間的空隙；

2. 使用過(guò)程中，避免觸摸口罩；

3. 使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄈ∠驴谡郑床灰|摸前面，而是從后面取下綁帶）；

4. 取下后或在無(wú)意中觸摸了用過(guò)的口罩，應(yīng)用含酒精的洗手液清潔雙手；如明顯弄臟，用肥皂和水清潔雙手；

5. 一旦口罩受潮/變濕潤(rùn)，立即更換新的干凈、干燥的口罩；

6. 不要重復(fù)使用一次性口罩；

7. 一次性口罩，每次使用后應(yīng)立即丟棄。在任何情況下都不建議使用棉或紗布口罩（譯者注：特指在醫(yī)療場(chǎng)所中）。

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