語法專題二：名詞性從句
1. 名詞性從句的基本概念：
1) 主語從句：在句中充當(dāng)主語；亦可用it作形式主語，主語從句置于句末。
2) 賓語從句：在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語；亦可用it作形式賓語，賓語從句置于句末。
3) 表語從句：在句中充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的表語。
4) 同位語從句：常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, suggestion, possibility, belief等表示有內(nèi)容的名詞后，起解釋、說明作用。
2. 注意：
1) 名詞性從句要用陳述句語序。
2) 名詞性從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語時(shí)：常用what 導(dǎo)，亦可用which表示選擇，用who/whom/whoever指人。
缺少狀語：用where（表地點(diǎn)）, when（表時(shí)間）, how（表方式）, why（表原因）。
3) 如不缺成份：主語從句、同位語從句用that引導(dǎo)，不能省略；
表從、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞賓從可省略引導(dǎo)詞that；
介詞賓從、第二個(gè)賓從，引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略；
it作形式主語或賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)實(shí)際主從或賓從，一般that不省略；
如：He told us sadly that what he had done secretly was dis
4) 含賓從的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
5) 主語從句做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果由and 連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
6) 當(dāng)主句是I/We think（或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess）時(shí)，其后的賓語從句如果是否定的，常常把否定詞not從從句中移到主句中。
7) 只能用whether，不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下：
(1) 在表語從句和同位語從句中；
(2) 在主語從句中，如果用it做形式主語，whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句，否則，只能用whether
(3) 在介詞之后；
(4) 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式；
(5) 與or not連用；
(6) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能用whether。
8) 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：
同位語從句常放在表示具體含義的名詞后，解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，該名詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成份；定語從句是對(duì)先行詞限定和修飾，先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分。
鞏固練習(xí)：
1. We should think carefully about ______ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.
A. that B. what C. which D. /
2. ______ you have s
A. If B. Whether C. What D. When
3. She took it for granted ______ I’d be back home an hour ago.
A. that B. whether C. if D. when
4. At that time I had no idea ______ I cou
A. if B. how C. which D. that how
5. Last Sunday he promised ______ today, but he hasn’t appeared yet.
A. that he would come B. that he will come
C. he will come to see me D
6. What a pity ______ is ______ you didn’t arrive by daylight.
A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for
7. Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
8. ______ is the most useful invention?
A. Do you think which of these B. Which of these do you
C. Which of these you think D. You think which of these
9. ---I believe ______ you’ve done your best and ______ things will improve.
---Thank you.
A. that; / B. /; / C. what; that D. /; that
10. It depends on ______ we have enough time.
A. if B. if or not C. that D. whether
11. You will realiz
A. that those who B. that those that C. whoever D. those whoever
12. I don’t doubt ______ he will come.
A. that B. if C. what D. whether
13. When and why he came here ______ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known C.
14. The city is no l
A. what it is B. that it used to be
15. ______ was the idea ______ the wife thought of ?
A. What; that B. That; what C. How; why D. Why; how
16. One of the men held the view ______ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that
17. ______ you don’t like him is none
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
18. ______ he really means is ______ he disagrees with us.
A. What; that B. That; what C. Why; that D. If; what
19. --- Don’t you believe me?
---______. I’ll believe ______ you say.
A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. Yes; whatever D. No; no matter what
20. Lei Feng was always thinking of ______ he could help others.
A. that B. how C. when D. which
21. Can you tell me ______?
A. who is that woman B. who the woman is
22. Output is now six times ______ it was before liberation.
A. that B. which C. what D. those
23. After months of research there was little hope ______ the lost car might be found.
A. that B. which C. when D. how
名詞性從句：BBABABDBDDCAADABCACBBCA
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